Best-fit models for the climatic response variables.

*Parameters in bold have significant coefficients (pfe is a particular fixed effect and re is a particular random effect, then (1|re) indicates the intercept was allowed to vary randomly with respect to re while (0+fe|re) indicates the interaction of fe and re was allowed to vary randomly. The case of both the intercept and interaction being allowed to vary randomly was not included in any of the best-fit models.†Understory was not included in the best-fit model, based on AIC, but was retained for comparative purposes.