ENDOMETRITIS (INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS)

Endometritis is an inflammatory disease of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium), most commonly caused by bacterial infections, postpartum complications, abortions, or intrauterine procedures. In its pathogenesis, microbial invasion of tissues, activation of the immune system, production of inflammatory mediators (cytokines, interleukins, TNF-α), prostaglandin synthesis, and oxidative stress play a central role. These biochemical and immunological changes lead to damage of endometrial cells, increased vascular permeability, and progressive tissue destruction. Clinically, endometritis presents with lower abdominal pain, fever, abnormal uterine discharge, and menstrual irregularities, and if untreated, it may result in infertility and chronic inflammatory conditions. This article analyzes the gynecological significance, biochemical mechanisms, and immunological basis of endometritis based on current scientific literature.