Status of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) nutrients on several islands in Indonesia

The average N nutrient content identified across the provinces of Java, Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, and West Nusa Tenggara was classified as low, while it was medium in Sumatra and high in Kalimantan. A similar minimum N content of 0.05% was observed across different locations starting with East and West Nusa Tenggara, followed by Sulawesi and Java. The status of P in Indonesia varied, with low (12%), medium (31%), and high nutrients (57%) of rice fields. High P status was found on 3.47 million ha in Java Island, while the highest P nutrients covered 282,876 ha in Sumatra and 248,962 ha in Kalimantan Island. Moreover, medium P nutrients were most widely distributed across Papua, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Java. Nutrient levels of K were classified as high, medium, and low in 43%, 36%, and 21% of rice fields, respectively. The highest K nutrient status covered 1.68 million ha, 0.64 million ha, and 0.5 million ha in Java Island, Sulawesi, and Sumatra, respectively. Low K nutrient spread across 0.71 million ha, 0.4 million ha, and 0.39 million ha in the islands of Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan, which also contained the most widely distributed moderate K levels.