Supporting data for "The draft genomes of five agriculturally important African orphan crops"

A continued growth in the world population is expected to double the worldwide demand for food by 2050. Moreover, 88% of countries are currently facing a serious burden of malnutrition, especially in Africa and Southern &amp; South-Eastern Asia. 30 species alone contribute 95% of the present food energy needs of humans with wheat, maize and rice providing the majority of calories. Therefore, to diversify and stabilize global food supply, enhance agricultural productivity and tackle malnutrition in these countries, a greater utilization of neglected or underused crops (orphan crops) could be a partial solution. Here we present draft genome information from five agriculturally, biologically, medicinally and economically important African orphan crops, namely; <em>Vigna subterranea</em>, <em>Lablab purpureus</em>, <em>Faidherbia albida</em>, <em>Sclerocarya birrea</em>, and <em>Moringa oleifera</em>. The assembled genomes range in size from 217 to 654 Mb. In addition, we have predicted 31707, 20946, 28979, 18937, 18451 protein-coding genes in <em>V. subterranea</em>, <em>L. purpureus</em>, <em>F. albida</em>, <em>S. birrea</em> and <em>M. oleifera</em> respectively. We have further analyzed the expansion and contraction of selected gene families, and characterized root-nodule-symbiosis genes, transcription factors and starch biosynthesis related genes in these genomes. This genome data will be useful to identify and characterize agronomically important genes and understand their mode of actions, enabling genomics-based, evolutionary studies, and breeding strategies for designing faster, focused and predictable crop improvement programs.