The perceptions of patients regarding the impact of vaping and smoking on oral and systemic health

The study took the form of a cross-sectional questionnaire among patients at the University of Pretoria's Oral Health Centre, focusing on perceptions of vaping's effects on health. Data was collected over two days in September 2024. Eligible participants were over 16 years old. The sample size was 155, calculated using G-Power 3.1 and validated by a biostatistician and the research committee. Statistical analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics, and results were considered significant at p < 0.05. Basic statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel.