Total-data.xlsx

The study covers a large area of natural forests in Northeastern China. The latitudinal and longitudinal ranges of the study region extend from 39–54°N (across 15 degree range) and 119–134°E (15 degree range), respectively. The climate varies from a middle temperate zone to a cool temperate zone. All these zones are characterized by strong seasonality with four distinctly different seasons. The main precipitation period is between July and September, and there is a harsh dry spring season. The database includes 262 plots, each containing four 100 m² circular subplots. The distance between any two adjacent subplots is 15 m. The latitudinal range of these plots extends from 39 to 54° N (a range of 15°). The total land area of the investigated region is approximately 700 000 km², of which more than one-third is covered by temperate broadleaf and mixed coniferous forests (FAO & UN, 2020; Olson et al., 2001).