Data and code for “Resolving the paradox in Streptomyces: eco-evolutionary dynamics sustain a potent yet rare antibiotic gene cluster” item

This dataset comprises the raw and processed data supporting the research article “Resolving the paradox in Streptomyces: eco-evolutionary dynamics sustain a potent yet rare antibiotic gene cluster”. The data are organized into the following components:1. Antagonism Assay Data: Raw image files from pairwise competition assays.2. Microcosm Experiment Data: Amplicon sequencing data and raw cell counts for the producer, resistant, and sensitive strains across different environmental conditions.3. Chemical Characterization Data: High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) files confirming the identity and production of kosinostatin.4. Genomic and Bioinformatic Resources: Publicly available Actinomycetota genome accession numbers analyzed in this study, along with custom Python scripts for data analysis and the raw data from codon adaptation index (CAI) calculations.Collectively, these data provide the empirical foundation for the study's conclusions on context-dependent selection, fitness trade-offs, and the role of horizontal gene transfer in shaping antibiotic BGC distribution. They are essential for reproducing the findings and will facilitate future comparative studies and meta-analyses on the evolution of microbial secondary metabolism.