TEAMx DECIPHER Monte Baldo Flux Tower, Midslope, Raw Data (University of Trento)

1. Short Description of the Sensor The Flux Tower dataset comprises a cluster of instruments deployed at four different levels of a 9-m mast and on the ground nearby, to observe both atmospheric and soil properties, airflow characteristics, turbulence (via the eddy covariance method), and the surface energy balance. The ground measurements are organized in two sampling levels below the surface, at 8 cm and 25 cm, respectively. The flux tower has three monitoring levels at 3, 6, and 9 m. The list of instruments per level is given below, together with a direct link to each sensor manufacturer's page: (Under)-Ground level: Two levels of buried soil sensors for the detection of the soil heat flux and thermo-hygrometric soil characteristics. The deployed sensors are: N. 1 Soil plate HFP01 (Hukseflux, https://www.campbellsci.com/hfp01) at 15 cm in the soil, measuring the heat flux in the soil N. 2 Soil moisture and temperature sensor CS655 (Campbell Scientific, https://www.campbellsci.com/cs655) at 8 and 25 cm in the soil, measuring soil water content, soil temperature, permittivity, and electric conductivity (other than period average and volt ratio) 3-m level: First level from the ground devoted to the characterization of the mean and turbulent properties of the airflow. It is also equipped for computing mass fluxes. Sensors deployed at this level are: N. 1 3D Sonic anemometer CSAT3A (Campbell Scientific, https://www.campbellsci.com/csat3a), measuring the three components of the wind velocity and the sonic temperature N. 1 Open-path gas analyser EC150 (Campbell Scientific, https://www.campbellsci.com/ec150), measuring the concentrations of water vapour and carbon dioxide, atmospheric pressure, and air temperature. Coupled with the sonic anemometer, fluxes of water vapour and carbon dioxide can be computed 6-m level: Second level from the ground devoted to the characterization of the mean and turbulent properties of the airflow. Sensors deployed at this level are: N. 1 3D Sonic anemometer CSAT3A (Campbell Scientific, https://www.campbellsci.com/csat3a), measuring the three components of the wind velocity and the sonic temperature N. 1 Thermohygrometer HMP155 (Vaisala, https://www.vaisala.com/en/products/weather-environmental-sensors/humicap-humidity-temperature-probe-hmp155), measuring the air temperature and relative humidity 9-m level: Third level from the ground devoted to the characterization of the mean and turbulent properties of the airflow. It also includes a net radiometer to evaluate the radiative balance at the surface. Sensors deployed at this level are: N. 1 3D Sonic anemometer CSAT3A (Campbell Scientific, https://www.campbellsci.com/csat3a), measuring the three components of the wind velocity and the sonic temperature N. 1 Thermohygrometer HMP155 (Vaisala, https://www.vaisala.com/en/products/weather-environmental-sensors/humicap-humidity-temperature-probe-hmp155), measuring the air temperature and relative humidity N. 1 4-way Net radiometer NR01 (Hukseflux, https://www.campbellsci.com/nr01), measuring the 4 components of the radiative balance, namely incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiations Data Storage: Data were locally stored in two CR6 (Campbell Sceintific, https://www.campbellsci.com/cr6) dataloggers, and normal operations were monitored via remote access. Power Supply: An input power supply of 12-14 V was ensured through solar panels operating during the whole campaign. 1.2 Specification The specifications for each sensor can be found on the manufacturer's web pages previously reported. 2. Measurement Strategy during the Campaign 2.1 Description of data collection The data collection is organized in three separate folders according to the sample rate of the instrumentation: High Sampling (HF): Data from sonic anemometers and an open-path gas analyser sampled at 20 Hz, including all the levels of the flux tower. Low Sampling - atmosphere (LF - weather): Data from thermohygrometers and the net radiometer sampled at 1 minute, including all the levels of the flux tower. Low Sampling - soil (LF - soil): Data from the soil place and the soil moisture and temperature sensors sampled at 30 minutes, including all the levels in the ground. 2.2 Time period covered by the data 10 June 2025 - 09 October 2025 2.3 Time zone UTC+1 2.4 Physical location Latitude 45,66544; Longitude 10,82375; Altitude 1383 m 3. Data Processing 3.1 Description of derived parameters and processing techniques used Aggregated raw data files are provided 3.2 Description of quality assurance and control procedures This dataset is aggregated from the original files stored in the dataloggers, but it was not subject to any quality control or processing 4. Data Format 4.1 Data file structure NetCDF files with metadata, zipped. Depending on the dimension of the aggregated files, the following structure is chosen: High Sampling (HF): Data are organized in daily files Low Sampling - atmosphere (LF - weather): Data are organized in a single file for the whole campaign Low Sampling - soil (LF - soil): Data are organized in a single file for the whole campaign 4.2 File naming convention The file naming is given according to the sample rate of the instrumentation: High Sampling (HF): Slope_ECtower_converted_[file format]_HF_eddy_[sampling rate].nc Low Sampling - atmosphere (LF - weather): Slope_ECtower_converted_[file format]_LF_weather_[sampling rate].nc Low Sampling - soil (LF - soil): Slope_ECtower_converted_[file format]_LF_soil_[sampling rate].nc 4.3 List of relevant parameters and units Each NetCDF file has its own embedded metadata with the descriptions of quantities and units. 5. Data Remarks 5.1 Known missing data periods 5.2 Software compatibility All software that can read and process NetCDF files