Forest-associated understorey birds persist in agroforestry orchards within tropical rubber and oil palm landscapes

Tropical agricultural landscapes can support biodiversity, including forest spill-over species, shaped by habitat factors operating at multiple scales. Understanding these factors is crucial for conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. Using mist-netting data, this study examined how land-cover changes influence understorey birds and identified key factors at stand- and landscape-levels, along with a site-specific feature, affecting bird assemblages in agroforestry orchards, rubber tree, and oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. We captured 39 species over 9,900 netting hours, with forest-associated species comprising 33% of the total. Agricultural type emerged as primary driver of bird diversity, with agroforestry orchards supporting greater species richness and abundance. Canopy cover negatively influenced species richness, total abundance, and the occurrence of carnivorous/insectivorous and granivorous/frugivorous birds. Understorey vegetation height positiv..., , # Data from: Forest-associated understorey birds persist in agroforestry orchards within tropical rubber and oil palm landscapes

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnwd4](10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnwd4)

## Description of the data and file structure

This dataset comprises bird mist netting data conducted on agroforestry orchards, oil palm, and rubber tree plantations. Mist netting was conducted at 330 sampling points in Negeri Sembilan State, Malaysia. Additionally, the dataset encompasses variables determined at stand and landscape levels, as well as a site-specific feature gathered at each sampling point

#### File name: Data-BITR-24-283.xlsx

Data-specific information:

1\. Number of variables: 14

2\. Number of cases/rows: 330

3\. Variable list:

* Point: Number assigned to each sampling point (point 1 - point 330)
* Agricultural type: Agricultural type which represented by the sampling point (oil palm, rubber, or orchard)
* Total abundance: Total number of birds captured
* Total specie...,