Reference values of mass grasp, toe-to-examiners finger and alternate heel-to-knee; heel-to-toe test among young adults

Coordination is a fundamental aspect of motor function, essential for smooth and precise movements, involving the integration of sensory input and motor output to achieve controlled limb actions. This study aimed to establish normative reference values for three non-equilibrium coordination tests—Mass Grasp (MG), Toe-to-Examiner’s Finger (TEF), and Alternate Heel-to-Knee; Heel-to-Toe (AHKHT)—in young adults aged 18-25 years. A total of 372 participants, comprising 50% males (n=186) and 50% females (n=186), were assessed. The participants had a mean age of 21.61 ± 2.02 years, a mean height of 165.43 ± 9.16 cm, a mean weight of 61.00 ± 10.6 kg, and a mean BMI of 22.25 ± 2.83 kg/m². Their coordination was evaluated using MG, TEF, and AHKHT tests, with multiple readings recorded for each limb. The normative reference values for Mass Grasp (MG) were 0.29 (0.29 ± 0.07) seconds for the right hand and 0.28 (0.28 ± 0.06) seconds for the left hand. For Toe-to-Examiner’s Finger (TEF), the values were 0.98 (0.98 ± 0.20) seconds for the right foot and 0.96 (0.96 ± 0.20) seconds for the left foot. The Alternate Heel-to-Knee; Heel-to-Toe (AHKHT) test yielded values of 2.00 (2.00 ± 0.51) seconds for the right leg and 1.99 (1.99 ± 0.52) seconds for the left leg. This study successfully established the normative reference values for non-equilibrium coordination tests in young adults aged 18-25 years, indicating that gender does not significantly influence performance in these tests. These findings provide a valuable clinical reference for assessing coordination impairments, guiding rehabilitation programs, and supporting neuromuscular evaluations.