Deer_Counts_Deer_Density

Deer group locations and sizes are used in assessing deer populations living on the ‘open range’. ‘Open range’ generally means open areas of habitat used mainly by red deer (for example, heather moorland). From the outset it is important to be clear that although the terms ‘count’ or ‘census’ are used, open range counting enables a population estimate to be made, but with associated error margins. Research has shown that, normally, estimates will vary by between 5 and 16%. In other words if you count 415 deer then the population estimate is at best between 348 and 481 (or at very best between 394 and 435). Open range population counts (and their resulting estimates) are therefore most likely to be useful for setting broad targets or giving an index of deer numbers as opposed to very precise population models. They are also useful for indicating trends in a series of counts. Count information can be obtained by joining table DEER_COUNT_INDEX based on COUNT_ID columns. Both Helicopter and ground counts are included in the data. The majority of the data were collected in ‘white ground’ conditions where the contrast between deer and the background of snow is maximised enabling deer to be more easily spotted. Summer counts of 'Priority' sites are also included where sites have been counted more intensively. Attribute Name Item Name Description DIGI_CALVS Digital Calves DIGI = counted from a digital photo SUM_STAGS SUM Stags DIGI + VIS combined SUM_HINDS SUMHinds DIGI + VIS combined SUM_CALVES SUM Calves DIGI + VIS combined SUM_UNCL SUMUnclassified DIGI + VIS combinedUNCL = unclassified – so generally hinds and calves combined. SUM_TOTAL SUMTotal Overall total for that group (not necessarily for the 1km2 as there may be 3 or 4 groups in the 1km2 at that point in time. COUNT_ID COUNT_ID Provides link to accompanying csv file. DIGI_HINDS Digital Hinds DIGI = counted from a digital photo VIS_TOTAL Visual Total VIS = counted visually during the count DIGI_UNCL Digital Unclassified DIGI = counted from a digital photo UNCL = unclassified – so generally hinds and calves combined. DIGI_TOTAL Digital Total DIGI = counted from a digital photo VIS_STAG Visual Stag VIS = counted visually during the count VIS_HINDS Visual Hinds VIS = counted visually during the count VIS_CALVS Visual Calves VIS = counted visually during the count VIS_UNCL Visual Unclassified VIS = counted visually during the count UNCL = unclassified – so generally hinds and calves combined. DIGI_STAG Digital Stag DIGI = counted from a digital photo本数据集以鹿群的位置与规模数据为基础，用于评估开阔牧地（open range）上栖息的鹿群种群。此处的“开阔牧地”通常指主要供马鹿活动的开阔生境区域（如石楠荒原）。 需首先明确：尽管研究中常使用“计数”或“普查”这类表述，但开阔牧地计数仅能生成种群估计值，并伴随相应的误差区间。已有研究表明，此类估计值的误差范围通常为5%至16%。举例而言，若单次计数得到415头鹿，则种群估计值的最优区间为348至481头（极端最优区间为394至435头）。因此，开阔牧地种群计数（及其衍生的估计值）更适用于设定宏观种群目标，或作为鹿群数量的指数参考，而非用于构建高精度的种群模型；同时也可用于反映系列计数中的种群变化趋势。 本数据集可通过COUNT_ID字段关联配套的CSV附表，获取完整计数信息。数据涵盖直升机计数与地面计数两种调查方式。绝大多数数据采集于白地（white ground）环境——即雪地背景与鹿体对比度最大化的场景，可显著提升鹿群的野外辨识度。此外，数据集还包含对优先（Priority）监测区域的夏季计数数据，此类区域通常采用更密集的计数方案以提升数据精度。 ### 字段详情 以下为各数据字段的详细说明（字段名首次出现时标注英文原文）： 1. DIGI_CALVS（Digital Calves）：数字计数幼鹿，指通过数码照片统计的幼鹿个体数量。 2. SUM_STAGS（SUM Stags）：统计雄鹿总数，为数字计数与目视计数的结果之和。 3. SUM_HINDS（SUM Hinds）：统计母鹿总数，为数字计数与目视计数的结果之和。 4. SUM_CALVES（SUM Calves）：统计幼鹿总数，为数字计数与目视计数的结果之和。 5. SUM_UNCL（SUM Unclassified）：统计未分类个体总数，为数字计数与目视计数的结果之和；未分类个体通常指母鹿与幼鹿的合并统计群体。 6. SUM_TOTAL（SUM Total）：该单个鹿群的总个体数（并非1平方公里范围内的总种群数，因为同一1平方公里区域内可能在同一时段存在3至4个独立鹿群）。 7. COUNT_ID（COUNT_ID）：用于关联配套CSV附表的唯一标识字段。 8. DIGI_HINDS（Digital Hinds）：数字计数母鹿，指通过数码照片统计的母鹿个体数量。 9. VIS_TOTAL（Visual Total）：目视计数总个体数，指本次计数中通过目视统计的总个体数。 10. DIGI_UNCL（Digital Unclassified）：数字计数未分类个体，指通过数码照片统计的未分类个体。 11. DIGI_TOTAL（Digital Total）：数字计数总个体数，指通过数码照片统计的总个体数。 12. VIS_STAG（Visual Stag）：目视计数雄鹿，指本次计数中通过目视统计的雄鹿个体数量。 13. VIS_HINDS（Visual Hinds）：目视计数母鹿，指本次计数中通过目视统计的母鹿个体数量。 14. VIS_CALVS（Visual Calves）：目视计数幼鹿，指本次计数中通过目视统计的幼鹿个体数量。 15. VIS_UNCL（Visual Unclassified）：目视计数未分类个体，指本次计数中通过目视统计的未分类个体。 16. DIGI_STAG（Digital Stag）：数字计数雄鹿，指通过数码照片统计的雄鹿个体数量。