Study of Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding in Andhra Pradesh Population

Background: Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy is a common complication. It is associated with miscarriage or spontaneous abortion, ectopic implantation, preterm delivery, molar pregnancy, and low birth weight foetus. It may cause a risk; therefore, it has to be evaluated and treated meticulously. Method: 50 (fifty) pregnant women with first trimester vaginal bleeding were studied. A physical and obstetrical examination has been carried out. Investigations include Hb%, CT, BT, ABO “Rh”, HIV, syphilis, HbsAg, HCV, urine, FBS, TSH, and HCG in every patient. USG was performed to know the stages of pregnancy, the period of gestation, cardiac activity, the size of the sub-chorionic hemomatoma, presence of adnexal mass, and the free fluid. Results: Clinical manifestations were: 12 (24%) were aged between 18-25, 26 (52%) were aged between 26-35, 12 (24%) were >35 years. The bleeding volume in the study – 2 (4%) had spotting, 11 (22%) had moderate bleeding, and 37 (74%) had high volume bleeding. 28 were nulliparous (56%), 14 (28%) were para 1, 5 (10%) were para 2, 3 (6%) were > para 2. 17 (34%) had a previous history of bleeding, and 7 (14%) had a history of abortion. The obstetrical complications were: 12 (24%) had premature labour; 3 (6%) had premature rapture of the membrane, 7 (14%) had placental abruption, 2 (4%) had IU death; and 2 (4%) had IU growth retardation. The outcome of pregnancy 10 (20%) had abortions, 5 (10%) had termination of pregnancy, 19 (38%) had normal vaginal deliveries, 2 (4%) had caesarean sections, 6 (12%) had a minute 5 Apgar score, and 8 babies (16%) were admitted to the NICU. Conclusion: It is concluded that, vaginal bleeding in the first trimester has diagnostic value for maternal and fetal complications and is a challenge for obstetricians and gynaecologists to evaluate and treat efficiently.