TEACHING METHODOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCES IN THE MADRASAHS OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE

This article examines the teaching methodology and classification of sciences in the madrasahs of the Bukhara Emirate, focusing on the educational traditions that developed in Bukhara as one of the major centers of Islamic civilization and intellectual culture in Central Asia. The study analyzes the historical foundations of the madrasa system, the pedagogical approaches employed by mudarris scholars, the structure of educational organization, and the categorization of religious and secular sciences taught in the madrasahs. The article also evaluates the relationship between educational methodology and the social, cultural, and political environment of the emirate. Particular attention is devoted to the methods of memorization, commentary, debate, repetition, and independent reading that formed the basis of the educational process. The study highlights the role of Arabic grammar, logic, jurisprudence, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, literature, and ethics within the curriculum of Bukhara madrasahs and explains how these sciences were hierarchically classified according to Islamic scholarly traditions. The article further discusses the strengths and limitations of the traditional educational system and its influence on intellectual life in Central Asia. The research is based on Uzbek historical and pedagogical literature, archival materials, and scholarly studies dedicated to the educational history of the Bukhara Emirate.