Supplementary tables, figures and methods

1. This article applies two-sample Mendelian randomization to establish causal relationships between circulating biomarkers and prostate diseases.
2. Identified six key biomarkers with significant causal effects on prostatitis, BPH, and prostate cancer.
3. Integrated DrugBank, protein–protein interaction networks, and bulk RNA-seq to reveal novel drug target genes.
4. Molecular docking and drug prediction suggested dexamethasone as a candidate for BPH, and colchicine and metformin as potential therapies for prostate cancer.
5. Provides new insights into biomarker-driven mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities for prostate disorders.