Raw data

The <b>country.csv</b> file contains two-letter ISO country codes for all nations included in the study. It provides a consistent key for merging country-level data from different sources.The <b>ESS9_subset.csv</b> file is derived from:<br><b>European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC). (2023). </b><b><i>ESS9 - integrated file, edition 3.2</i></b><b> [Data set]. Sikt – Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research.</b> https://doi.org/10.21338/ess9e03_2<br>This dataset includes micro-level data on individuals from multiple European countries, covering social attitudes, values, and behaviors. The subset version retains only the variables and observations relevant to the current research.The <b>Gelfand.xlsx</b> file is based on:<br><b>Gelfand, M. J., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. M., Lun, J., Lim, B. C., Duan, L., Almaliach, A., Ang, S., Arnadottir, J., Aycan, Z., Boehnke, K., Boski, P., Cabecinhas, R., Chan, D., Chhokar, J., D’Amato, A., Ferrer, M., Fischlmayr, I. C., … Yamaguchi, S. (2011). Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study. </b><b><i>Science, 332</i></b><b>(6033), 1100–1104.</b><br>This dataset reports national-level scores for <i>cultural tightness–looseness</i>, measuring how strictly social norms are enforced and how much deviation is tolerated across 33 countries.The <b>Uz.xlsx</b> file is drawn from:<br><b>Uz, I. (2015). The index of cultural tightness and looseness among 68 countries. </b><b><i>Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46</i></b><b>(3), 319–335.</b><br>It provides an extended cross-national index of cultural tightness–looseness for 68 countries, derived from aggregated measures of societal attitudes and practices.