9-HODE and 9-HOTrE alter mitochondrial metabolism and triglyceride levels in HepG2 cells

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a rising problem that often precedes other adverse health outcomes. 9-HODE produced from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2, n-6) and 9-HOTrE from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3) are oxylipins are produced by CYP2B6 and 9-HODE was associated with reduced obesity and metabolic disease, but increased steatosis in an earlier study. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism, triglyceride accumulation, and PPAR activation were determined in HepG2 cells following treatment with 9-HODE or 9-HOTrE. 9-HOTrE, but not 9-HODE, perturbed energy metabolism by increasing spare respiratory capacity, non-glycolytic acidification and glutamine metabolism, and decreasing palmitate oxidation. 9-HODE and 9-HOTrE increased triglycerides.