High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cognitive Impairment: A U-Shaped Relationship in China’s Aging Population

This study investigated the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cognitive disorders in older adults. Data were obtained from the 2011 Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and included 7,509 participants. Cognitive function was assessed using a scale that measured episodic memory and mental status. Statistical analyses included multiple linear regression, restricted cubic splines, and threshold effect analysis to explore the relationship between HDL-C levels and cognitive scores. Compared with Q1 (