Rumen Microbiota in Beef Cattle through Co-Fermented Palm Kernel Cake by Enzyme-Bacteria

In this study, we utilised palm kernel cake as a substrate and fermented it with a composite of bacteria and enzymes. We conducted a trial with 30 cattle, randomly divided into two groups of 15 cattle each. The control group (CON) was fed the standard farm diet, whereas the treatment group (PKC) received with a diet where fermented palm kernel meal replaced a portion of corn and soybean meal and under the condition of equal nitrogen. Rumen samples from day 90 underwent 16S rRNA microbial sequencing.The use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing approaches can assess the effects of feeding on the rumen microbiome and metabolic functions of beef cattle before and after feeding. The results will help to elucidate the differences in the rumen microbiota of beef cattle after the inclusion of fermented palm kernel cake in their diets, providing a theoretical basis for its application in beef cattle diets.