GMs (GSDs) of levels of the three studied urinary substances of the CA and CB subjects.

aIndicated the Cd exposure level of subjects enrolled in the selected village about 30 km far from the smelter opposite the leeward in CA.bIndicated the Cd exposure level of subjects enrolled in the two selected villages about 2 km to 4 km far from the smelter on the leeward in CA.cIndicated the Cd exposure level of subjects enrolled in the two selected villages about 10 km far from the copper smelter opposite the leeward in CB.dIndicated the Cd exposure level of subjects enrolled in the three selected villages about 2 km to 3 km far from the copper smelter on the leeward in CB.eCompared with the counterpart value of subjects with high-level Cd exposures, Pt test).fCompared with the counterpart value of subjects aged 45 years to 55 years, Pt test).