2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside may be the differential material basis of raw and processed Polygoni muliflori Radix on the intervention of osteoporosis

This dataset collected the original data for the manuscript, including the mass data from UPLC-IM-QTOF-MS, the the data from animal experiments. Quantitative analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 10, and data were expressed as mean ± SD. For multiple comparison, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was employed, with statistical significance established at p < 0.05.
Metabolomic analysis identified 23 differential components between the two forms of PMR with 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) recognized as the principal component contributing to their differences. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed that TSG exhibited a strong binding affinity with EGFR. In vivo experiments confirmed the distinct pharmacological efficacy of both PMRs in an osteoporosis model. Micro-CT demonstrated that processed PMR in conjunction with a high dose of TSG, significantly increased the bone mineral density, PINP levels, and ALP activity while markedly reduced the structure model index and CTX-I levels. These interventions showed potential in suppressing the expression of MMP9 and TRAP, while promoting the expression of ALP, osteopontin, and Runx2. Moreover, these treatments resulted in an upregulation of EGFR, p-PI3K, and p-AKT expression. In contrast, neither low nor high doses of raw PMR as well as a low dose of TSG demonstrated significant effects on these parameters.