Clinical forms and risk factors associated with strabismus in visual binocularity

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze risk factors associated with strabismus, the eye data and personal and family history. Methods: A prospective, descriptive and analytical study, with 240 patients who consulted for the first time in strabismus clinics. We evaluated the frequency and association between strabismus and data eye examination and personal and family history to identify risk factors. Results: There was a higher prevalence of strabismus in women (56.96%) compared to men (43.02%). The age group most satisfied in strabismus clinic are children up to 15 years of age (83.54%). Met more esotropia (55.27%) than exotropia (42.20%) and lower portion of isolated vertical strabismus (2.53%). Preterm birth was associated with convergent strabismus (p = 0.023) but not the diverging (p = 0.086). Maternal diabetes mellitus was associated with esotropia (p = 0.024) and exotropia (p = 0.036) on the child, but the mother’s high blood pressure, medications for hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy and illicit drugs was not statistically significant. Patients with cerebral palsy association with exotropes had more (p = 0.008) which esotropia (p = 0.019). Congenital malformations, consanguinity between parents and ocular trauma showed no statistically significant association for strabismus. Most patients with strabismus showed good visual acuity, normal fundus. In the analysis of proportions farsightedness was more common in esotropia (68.7%). Conclusions: Internal and external risk factors can interfere in the formation and development of the eye in eye plasticity phase with impaired visual binocularity and may result in strabismus. There are differences with respect to risk factors associated truly and more studies are needed to identify.