Appealing to the Base or to the Moveable Middle? Incumbents’ Partisan Messaging Before the 2016 U.S. Congressional Elections

Contains weekly measures of partisanship for verified official US Congress Twitter accounts for Sep - Nov 2016. In the main CSV, variables included are Twitter handle, party affiliation, margin of victory, week, and absolute value of #polar score. Tags files include the Twitter handle, all hashtags it posted during the period, and the number of times it posted each tag. Scores files include #polar scores for both tags and users for each week and for the whole period. The original #polar-score paper: <br><br>Hemphill, L., Culotta, A., &amp; Heston, M. (2016). #Polar Scores: Measuring partisanship using social media content. Journal of Information Technology &amp; Politics. 13(4). doi: 10.1080/19331681.2016.1214093<br><br>And the working paper for this project:<br><br>Hemphill, L. and Shapiro, M.A., (2018). Partisan Messaging Before the 2016 Congressional Election. Midwest Political Science Association Conference, Chicago, IL, April 5 – 8.<br><br>Files here corrected errors identified in the MPSA paper, and so results will not exactly match those presented in the paper.