祁连山综合观测网：黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（四道桥超级站气象要素梯度观测系统-2018）

该数据集包含了2018年1月1日至2018年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网下游四道桥超级站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于内蒙古额济纳旗达来呼布镇四道桥，下垫面是柽柳。观测点的经纬度是101.1374E, 42.0012N，海拔873m。空气温度、相对湿度、风速传感器分别架设在5m、7m、10m、15m、20m、28m处，共6层，朝向正北；风向传感器架设在15m处，朝向正北；气压计安装在防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在28m处；四分量辐射仪安装在10m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在10m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；两个光合有效辐射仪安装在10m处，朝向正南，探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个；土壤部分传感器安装在塔体南侧2m处，其中土壤热流板（自校正式）（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处；平均土壤温度传感器TCAV埋设在地下2cm、4cm处；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm和200cm处；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm和200cm处。
观测项目有：风速（WS_5m、WS_7m、WS_10m、WS_15m、WS_20m、WS_28m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_15m）(单位：度)、空气温湿度（Ta_5m、Ta_7m、Ta_10m、Ta_15m、Ta_20m、Ta_28m和RH_5m、RH_7m、RH_10m、RH_15m、RH_20m、RH_28m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、向上和向下光合有效辐射（PAR_U_up、PAR_U_down）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)、平均土壤温度（TCAV）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm、Ms_200cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm、Ts_200cm）(单位：摄氏度)。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；1-6月由于传感器的问题，降雨数据出错；7-10月由于接线问题，气压数据出错；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2018-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。

This dataset contains data collected by the meteorological element gradient observation system at the Sidaoqiao Super Station (downstream of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network) from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The station is located in Sidaoqiao, Dalaihubu Town, Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia, with underlying surface covered by Tamarix. The coordinates of the observation point are 101.1374°E, 42.0012°N, and the elevation is 873 m.

Air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed sensors are mounted at 5 m, 7 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, and 28 m respectively, with 6 layers in total, facing due north. The wind direction sensor is mounted at 15 m, facing due north. The barometer is installed in a waterproof box. The tipping bucket rain gauge is mounted at 28 m. The four-component radiometer is mounted at 10 m, facing due south. Two infrared thermometers are mounted at 10 m, facing due south, with their probes pointing vertically downward. Two photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors are mounted at 10 m, facing due south, with one probe pointing vertically upward and the other vertically downward. Soil-related sensors are installed 2 m south of the tower. Among them, 3 self-calibrating soil heat flux plates are buried at 6 cm underground in sequence. The average soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried at 2 cm and 4 cm underground. Soil temperature probes are buried at 0 cm (surface) and 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm, and 200 cm underground. Soil moisture sensors are buried at 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm, and 200 cm underground.

Observation items include: Wind speed (WS_5m, WS_7m, WS_10m, WS_15m, WS_20m, WS_28m) (unit: meters per second); Wind direction (WD_15m) (unit: degrees); Air temperature and relative humidity (Ta_5m, Ta_7m, Ta_10m, Ta_15m, Ta_20m, Ta_28m and RH_5m, RH_7m, RH_10m, RH_15m, RH_20m, RH_28m) (units: degrees Celsius, percent); Barometric pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascals); Precipitation (Rain) (unit: millimeters); Four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watts per square meter); Surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: degrees Celsius); Upward and downward photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_U_up, PAR_U_down) (unit: micromoles per square meter per second); Average soil temperature (TCAV) (unit: degrees Celsius); Soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watts per square meter); Soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm, Ms_200cm) (unit: volumetric water content, percent); Soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm, Ts_200cm) (unit: degrees Celsius).

Data processing and quality control of the observation data: (1) Ensure 144 data points per day (collected every 10 minutes); missing data is marked with -6999. Rainfall data was erroneous from January to June due to sensor issues; barometric pressure data was erroneous from July to October due to wiring problems. (2) Remove duplicate records at the same time stamp. (3) Delete data that obviously exceeds physical limits or instrument measurement ranges. (4) Data marked in red are questionable data. (5) The date and time formats are unified, and date and time are stored in the same column. For example, the time format is: 2018-9-10 10:30. (6) The naming convention is: AWS + station name.

For information on the Heihe River Comprehensive Observation Network or the station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018); for observation data processing procedures, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集为2018年全年黑河流域下游四道桥超级站的气象要素梯度观测数据，站点位于内蒙古额济纳旗（101.1374E, 42.0012N，海拔873米），下垫面为柽柳。数据集包含多层风速、温湿度、辐射、土壤温湿度等综合观测项目，时间分辨率为小时，并经过严格质量控制，适用于地表过程研究。