Petrological, Textural, and Volatile Constraints on the Architecture of Mauna Loa’s Magmatic System over 170 years (1852– 2022)

We report major and volatile element data for Mauna Loa lavas erupted between 1852 and 2022. The sample suite spans seven eruptions (1852, 1855, 1868, 1949, 1950, 1984, 2022) and consists of olivine- and orthopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions, host minerals, and matrix glasses. Major element compositions for all phases were analyzed using SEM-based Energy Dispersive (EDS) and Wavelength Dispersive (WDS) spectroscopy, while volatile element concentrations in the glass phase were determined via Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Raman spectroscopy was used to quantify CO2 held in melt inclusion vapor bubbles. This dataset provides high-resolution constraints on magmatic evolution and volatile budgets over the last two centuries of Mauna Loa’s activity