Datasets for "Land subsidence amplifies climate-driven compound flooding and inequality across New York City-Long Island"

The dataset contains 2 files (1 CSV file and 1 folder). 1) VLM_longIsland.csv: This CSV file contains vertical land motion (VLM) data for New York City and Long Island. The file includes 5 columns: Column 1: Longitude (degrees) Column 2: Latitude (degrees) Column 3: VLM (mm/year) Column 4: Standard deviation of VLM (mm/year) Column 5: Acceration (mm/year2) VLM values are expressed in the North American reference frame (NA). 2) FloodData Folder: This folder contains flood-model outputs at 30-m spatial resolution across New York City and Long Island. It includes 10 flood scenarios, representing: Historical baseline (2012 Hurricane Sandy event) Climate change (CC-only): sea-level rise and precipitation forcing VLM-only: present and projected subsidence uplift patterns Combined VLM + CC: joint effects of land motion and climate forcing Each scenario is provided for three time horizons: Present-day (2025), 25-year horizon (2050), and 50-year horizon (2075). The naming convention is: LongIslandFlood_baseline — historical baseline (2012 Sandy) LongIslandFlood_CC_2025, _2050, _2075 — climate change only LongIslandFlood_VLM_2025, _2050, _2075 — VLM only LongIslandFlood_VLM_CC_2025, _2050, _2075 — combined VLM + CC Abstract: Compound flooding from tropical cyclones threatens coastal communities through combined storm surge and extreme rainfall, with these hazards projected to intensify under climate change (CC) due to storm intensification and sea level rise (SLR). However, current assessments rarely account for land subsidence, which locally amplifies relative SLR and alters floodwater pathways, producing nonlinear changes in flood dynamics. Here, we integrate high-resolution satellite-derived vertical land motion (VLM) measurements with hydrodynamic flood model to quantify how subsidence will alter present and future cyclone-driven flooding across New York City and Long Island, NY. We find an average subsidence rate of 1.1 mm/yr, with localized hotspots experiencing cumulative settlements exceeding 0.3 m per decade across the region. Under a Sandy-like tropical cyclone, the combined influence of subsidence and CC increases flood extent by 46% (680.5 Mm3) within 25 years and 81% (843.2 Mm3) within 50 years, exposing an addition– 290,000 people compared to baseline conditions. Relative to SLR alone, subsidence further amplifies the flood extent and depth by 2-6%, highlighting the sensitivity of urban flooding to land surface changes. Additionally, we find that relative SLR increases flood risk for low-income and marginalized communities. These findings demonstrate that excluding subsidence from flood-hazard assessments underestimates risk and obscures emerging social inequities, underscoring the need to integrate land motion into coastal flood mapping, infrastructure design, and equitable adaptation planning.