Impact of narrow-spectrum antibiotics on the oral and fecal microbiome and resistome in a young child treated for otitis media

Overuse of antibiotics have led to a global emergence of resistant bacteria, with children being some of the most frequent users. Most studies with broad-spectrum antibiotics show a severe impact on the resistome development of patients. Although narrow-spectrum antibiotics are believed to have less side-effects, their impact on the human microbiome and resistome is mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the narrow-spectrum antibiotic phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V) on the microbiome and resistome of a child treated for acute otitis media. Oral and fecal samples were collected from a young child before (day 0) and after (day 5 and day 30) receiving Penicillin V against acute otitis media.