Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris (France) from 2022-06-10 to 2024-03-05

Quality controlled and harmonized dataset on wind direction and wind speed profiles from ground-based Doppler Wind LIDARS (DWL), deployed in a multi-institutional effort along a 40 km transect through the centre of the Paris Metropolitan area (France) for the period 2022-06-10 to 2024-03-05. The dataset, its derivation, quality control and evaluation against radiosondes and in-situ observations are decribed in the following manuscript: Morrison, W., Looschelders, D., Céspedes, J., Claxton, B., Drouin, M.-A., Dupont, J.-C., Faucheux, A., Haeffelin, M., Holst, C. C., Kotthaus, S., Masson, V., McGregor, J., Price, J., Zeeman, M., Grimmond, S., and Christen, A.: Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris, France, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-167, 2025. Preview graphs for the full dataset on a daily basis (wind speed, wind direction, wind barbs) are available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15090857 Continuous data availability consists of Extensive Operation Period (EOP) with 3 DWLs from June 10, 2022 – March 05, 2024 Two Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) with six DWL over 9 weeks in September 2023 to December 2023. Detailed data availability per site along with weather conditions and classifications can be found in the files "paris_dwl_L3V1.39_data_availability_weather.pdf" and "paris_dwl_L3V1.39_data_availability_weather.xlsx". Data are provided in daily NetCDF files in two temporal resolutions of 10 minutes ("_600s") and 1 hour ("_3600s"). All dates / times are in UTC. Files are packaged by year and month using the following name convention "paris_dwl_L3VX.XX_YYYY_MM_RRRRs.tar.gz", where X.XX is the version number, YYYY refers to the year, (2022-2024) MM to the month of the year (01-12), and RRRR is the time resolution with "600s" and "3600s". NetCDF files contain the following fields: standard_name (Variable name) Dimensions Description time 1 Timestamp: end of time interval. 600 s and 3600 s time intervals are provided, in separate data files (600 s e.g. 00:00:01 → 00:10:00 and 3600 s e.g. 00:00:01 → 01:00:00). All variables are harmonised to this resolution as averages (e.g. wind) or percentage occurrence (e.g. flags) altitude 1 Altitude of centre of each measurement gate above mean sea level (m). Harmonised gates are 25 m from 0 – 6500 m with values linearly interpolated to this resolution station 1 Measurement location identifier (see table below), all are listed even if no valid data are retrieved during the file’s date. eastward_wind (u) 3 Mean eastward wind component (m s-1) using all valid samples within time interval northward_wind (v) 3 Mean northward wind component (m s-1) using all valid samples within time interval wind_speed (ws) 3 Horizontal wind speed calculated from eastward_wind and northward_wind (m s-1) wind_from_direction (wd) 3 Horizontal wind direction calculated from eastward_wind and northward_wind (degrees from true north) system_id 2 Serial number of sensor deployed at station at a given time latitude (station_lat) 1 Latitude of the measurement station (degrees, decimal, WGS84) longitude (station_lon) 1 Longitude of the measurement station (degrees, decimal, WGS84) station_altitude 1 Measurement station height above ground level (m). Ground level is the “street” level so if the station is on a rooftop, the height will accounts for the building height and any mounting structure station_height 1 Average height of station above sea level (reference_geoid: EGM96) (m) n_rays_in_scan 2 Number of rays in a scan. e.g. 12 for a VAD scan that has 12 samples within one scan n_pulses 2 Number of pulses in a given ray. More pulses, the higher the integration time raw_gate_length 2 Gate length prior to L3 aggregation (m) flag_suspect_retrieval_warn 3 Percentage of values within time interval with retrieval warning not linked to low signal (flag_low_signal_warn_pc) or out of range (flag_ws_out_of_range_removed_pc). Retrievals retained but treat with caution flag_suspect_retrieval_removed 3 Percentage of values within time interval with retrieval error not linked to low signal (flag_low_signal_warn_pc) or out of range (flag_ws_out_of_range_removed_pc). Data removed flag_low_signal_warn 3 Percentage of values within time interval with a low SNR. Retrievals retained but treat with caution flag_low_signal_removed 3 Percentage of values within time interval with a low SNR. Retrieval rejected flag_ws_out_of_range_removed 3 Percentage of values within time interval with wind speed outside reasonable retrievable range (> 60 m s-1) (i.e. removed). Evaluated after all other retrieval QC Version history Version 1.42 Selected additional values at the station PAROIS have been flagged and/or removed due to suspicion of an instrument falfunction. Data have been compared to a co-located SODAR to assess data quality (see manuscript for details) Weather data files (paris_dwl_L3V1.42_data_availability_weather.xlsx and paris_dwl_L3V1.42_data_availability_weather.pdf) have been corrected for an error in the column "Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station" (previously incorrect atribution to day), for the correct highlighting of weekend days and they have been expanded to include sunrise, sunset and solar noon times.