Data for: [Differentiating Mega-River and Small-Catchment Inputs via Bulk-Sediment Luminescence: Shifting Dominance in Episodic Coastal Progradation]

This dataset contains the primary and processed data underlying the figures and tables in the manuscript titled "Differentiating Mega-River and Small-Catchment Inputs via Bulk-Sediment Luminescence: Shifting Dominance in Episodic Coastal Progradation" (submitted to Geophysical Research Letters). The study establishes a novel bulk-sediment luminescence framework—utilizing signal sensitivity and fast-to-background (F/B) ratio—as a high-resolution provenance tool to differentiate sediment contributions from mega-rivers (the Yellow River) and small mountainous rivers (SMRs). The dataset includes high-resolution bulk-sediment natural luminescence ( 𝐼n−bulk ) measurements, conventional quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR150 ages, AMS 14C dates, and multi-proxy environmental records (clay mineral assemblages, grain-size distributions, and color reflectance) from a Holocene sedimentary core (SG100) in the modern Yellow River Delta. These data collectively reveal a fundamental shift in coastal sediment routing from a mega-river-dominated system in the mid-Holocene to an SMR-dominated system in the late Holocene, driven by synergistic climate drying and anthropogenic disturbance.