Risk stratification and outcomes of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with immune thrombocytopenia under 60 years of age

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating complication of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, information on ICH in ITP patients under the age of 60 years is limited, and no predictive tools are available in clinical practice. A total of 93 adult patients with ITP who developed ICH before 60 years of age were retrospectively identified from 2005 to 2019 by 27 centers in China. For each case, 2 controls matched by the time of ITP diagnosis and the duration of ITP were provided by the same center. Multivariate analysis identified head trauma (OR = 3.216, 95%CI 1.296–7.979, <i>P</i> =.012), a platelet count ≤ 15,000/μL at the time of ITP diagnosis (OR = 1.679, 95%CI 1.044–2.698, <i>P</i> =.032) and severe/life-threatening bleeding (severe bleeding <i>vs</i>. mild bleeding, OR = 1.910, 95%CI 1.088–3.353, <i>P</i> =.024; life-threatening bleeding <i>vs</i>. mild bleeding, OR = 2.620, 95%CI 1.360–5.051, <i>P</i> =.004) as independent risk factors for ICH. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (OR = 5.191, 95%CI 1.717–15.692, <i>P</i> =.004) and a history of severe bleeding (OR = 4.322, 95%CI 1.532–12.198, <i>P</i> =.006) were associated with the 30-day outcome of ICH. These findings may facilitate ICH risk stratification and outcome prediction in patients with ITP.