South African Census 1996, 10% Sample - South Africa

Abstract
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Every person, household and institution present in South Africa on Census Night, 9-10 October 1996, should have been enumerated in Census 1996. The purpose of the census was to provide a count of all persons present within the territory of the Republic of South Africa at that time. More specifically, the purpose of this census was to collect, process and disseminate detailed statistics on population size, composition and distribution at a small area level.

Geographic coverage
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The South African Census 1996 has national coverage.

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The South African census 1996 covered every person present in South Africa on Census Night, 9-10 October 1996 (except foreign diplomats and their families).

Kind of data
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Census enumeration data

Sampling procedure
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The data in the South African Census 1996 data file is a 10% unit level sample drawn from Census 1996 as follows:

1) Households:
• A 10% sample of all households (excluding special institutions and hostels)

2) Persons:
• A 10% sample of all persons as enumerated in the 1996 Population Census in South Africa

The census household records were explicitly stratified according to province and district council. Within each district council the records were further implicitly stratified by local authority. Within each implicit stratum the household records were ordered according to the unique seven-digit census enumerator area number, of which the first three digits are the (old) magisterial district number.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Different methods of enumeration were used to accommodate different situations and a variety of questionnaires were used. The information collected with each questionnaire differed slightly.
The questionnaires used were as follows:

Questionnaire 1: (Household and personal questionnaire)
This questionnaire was used in private households and within hostels which provided family accommodation. It contained 50 questions for each person and 15 for each household. Every household living in a private dwelling should have been enumerated on a household questionnaire. This questionnaire obtained information about the household and about each person who was present in the household on census night.

Questionnaire 2: (Summary book for hostels)
This questionnaire was used to list all persons/households in the hostel and included 9 questions about the hostel. A summary book for hostels should have been completed for each hostel (that is, a compound for workers provided by mines, other employers, municipalities or local authorities). This questionnaire obtained information about the hostel and also listed all household and/or persons enumerated in the hostel. Some hostels contain people living in family groups. Where people were living as a household in a hostel, they were enumerated as such on a household questionnaire (which obtained information about the household and about each person who was present in the household on Census Night). On the final census file, they will be listed as for any other household and not as part of a hostel. Generally, hostels accommodate mostly individual workers. In these situations, persons were enumerated on separate personal questionnaires. These questionnaires obtained the same information on each person as would have been obtained on the household questionnaire. The persons will appear on the census file as part of a hostel. Some hostels were enumerated as special institutions and not on the questionnaires designed specifically for hostels.

Questionnaire 3: (Enumerator's book for special enumeration)
This questionnaire was used to obtain very basic information for individuals within institutions such as hotels, prisons, hospitals etc. as well as for homeless persons. Only 6 questions were asked of these people. The questionnaire also included 9 questions about the institution. An enumerator's book for special enumeration should have been completed for each institution such as prisons and hospitals. This questionnaire obtained information on the institution and listed all persons present. Each person was asked a brief sub-set of questions - just 7 compared to around 50 on the household and personal questionnaires. People in institutions could not be enumerated as households. Homeless persons were enumerated during a sweep on census night using a special questionnaire. The results were later transcribed to standard enumerator's books for special enumeration to facilitate coding and data entry.

Response rate
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The final calculation of the undercount of persons, based on analysis of a post-enumeration survey (PES) conducted shortly after the original census, was performed by Statistics South Africa. The estimated reponse rates are detailed below, both according to stratum and for the country as a whole. An estimated 10,7% of the people in South Africa, through the course of the census process, were not enumerated. For more information on the undercount and PES, see the publication, "Calculating the Undercount in Census '96", Statistics South Africa Report No. 03-01-18 (1996) which is included in the external documents section.

Undercount of persons by province (stratum, in %):

Western Cape 8,69
Eastern Cape 10,57
Northern Cape 15,59
Free State 8,75
KwaZulu-Natal 12,81
North West 9,37
Gauteng 9,99
Mpumalanga 10,09
Northern Province 11,28

South Africa 10,69

摘要
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凡于1996年10月9日至10日人口普查之夜存在于南非境内之个人、家庭及机构，均应纳入1996年人口普查范围。此次普查旨在提供当时存在于南非共和国领土内所有人员的计数。具体而言，普查的目的在于收集、处理并传播关于人口规模、构成及在小区域层面的分布的详细统计数据。
地理覆盖范围
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南非1996年人口普查覆盖全国。
分析单元
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家庭与个人
总体
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南非1996年人口普查覆盖了于1996年10月9日至10日人口普查之夜存在于南非境内的每一位人员（除外交官及其家属外）。
数据类型
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人口普查登记数据
抽样程序
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南非1996年人口普查数据文件中的数据为从1996年人口普查中抽取的10%单元级别样本，其抽样方式如下：
1) 家庭：
• 所有家庭（不包括特殊机构和宿舍）的10%样本
2) 人员：
• 在南非1996年人口普查中登记的10%人员样本
普查家庭记录根据省份和地方议会进行明确分层。在每个地方议会内部，记录根据地方当局进行进一步隐式分层。在每个隐式层中，家庭记录根据唯一的七位数字普查区编号进行排序，其中前三位数字为（旧）司法管辖区编号。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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为适应不同情况，采用了不同的登记方法，并使用了多种问卷。每份问卷收集的信息略有不同。使用的问卷如下：
问卷1：（家庭和个人问卷）
此问卷用于私人家庭及提供家庭住宿的宿舍，每人包含50个问题，每户包含15个问题。每户居住在私人住宅的家庭应填写家庭问卷。此问卷获取关于家庭及其在普查之夜存在于家庭中的每位人员的信息。
问卷2：（宿舍摘要簿）
此问卷用于列出宿舍中的所有人员/家庭，并包含关于宿舍的9个问题。每个宿舍应完成一份宿舍摘要簿（即由矿山、其他雇主、市政府或地方当局提供的工人宿舍）。此问卷获取关于宿舍及其列出的所有家庭和/或人员的信息。一些宿舍包含以家庭群体形式生活的人。在这些情况下，以家庭形式在宿舍中生活的人将在家庭问卷上进行登记（该问卷获取关于家庭及其在普查之夜存在于家庭中的每位人员的信息）。在最终的普查文件中，他们将像任何其他家庭一样列出，而不是作为宿舍的一部分。通常，宿舍主要容纳个别工人。在这些情况下，人员将使用单独的个人问卷进行登记。这些问卷获取的信息与家庭问卷上获取的信息相同。人员将在普查文件中作为宿舍的一部分列出。一些宿舍被登记为特殊机构，而不是专为宿舍设计的问卷。
问卷3：（特殊登记的登记员手册）
此问卷用于获取诸如酒店、监狱、医院等机构内个人的非常基本信息，以及无家可归人员的信息。对这些人员仅询问了6个问题。问卷还包括关于机构的9个问题。每个如监狱和医院等机构都应完成一份特殊登记的登记员手册。此问卷获取关于机构及其列出的所有人员的信息。每个人员都被问及一个简短的问题子集——仅7个问题，而家庭和个人问卷上大约有50个问题。机构内的人员不能以家庭形式进行登记。无家可归人员在使用特殊问卷的普查之夜进行清查时进行登记。结果随后转录到标准特殊登记的登记员手册中，以便利编码和数据录入。
响应率
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根据人口普查后调查（PES）的分析，最终的人口低估计算由南非统计局执行。详细的估计响应率如下，既按层划分，也对整个国家进行统计。估计有10.7%的南非人在普查过程中未被登记。有关低估和PES的更多信息，请参阅南非统计局报告第03-01-18（1996年）的出版物“计算‘96年普查的低估”，该出版物包含在外部文档部分。
按省份（层，%）的人口低估：
西开普省 8.69
东开普省 10.57
北开普省 15.59
自由州 8.75
克瓦祖鲁-纳塔尔省 12.81
北部省 9.37
贵族省 9.99
象牙海岸省 10.09
北部省 11.28
南非 10.69