Data from: Palenque de San Basilio in Colombia: genetic data supports an oral history of a paternal ancestry in Congo

The Palenque, a black community in rural Colombia, have an oral history of
fugitive African slaves founding a free village near Cartagena in the
seventeenth century. Recently, linguists have identified some 200 words in
regular use that originate in a Kikongo language, with Yombe, mainly
spoken in the Congo region, being the most likely source. The
non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) and mitochondrial DNA
were analysed to establish whether there was greater similarity between
present-day members of the Palenque and Yombe than between the Palenque
and 42 other African groups (for all individuals, n = 2799) from which
forced slaves might have been taken. NRY data are consistent with the
linguistic evidence that Yombe is the most likely group from which the
original male settlers of Palenque came. Mitochondrial DNA data suggested
substantial maternal sub-Saharan African ancestry and a strong founder
effect but did not associate Palenque with any particular African group.
In addition, based on cultural data including inhabitants' claims of
linguistic differences, it has been hypothesized that the two districts of
the village (Abajo and Arriba) have different origins, with Arriba founded
by men originating in Congo and Abajo by those born in Colombia. Although
significant genetic structuring distinguished the two from each other, no
supporting evidence for this hypothesis was found.