Database of Rural Technological Trajectories, their variants and territories featured by peasantries of the Brazilian Northern Region based on Agricultural Censuses and special tabulations for the Economy of Agroforestry Systems (2006 and 2017)

Introduction

This database contains the string variables at municipal level that qualifies the techno-productive trajectories (TT) of the Brazilian Northern Region Agrarian Economy, their technological variants (TTV) and territories based on peasantries. The TTs and TTVs were defined and theoretically justified by Costa (2021, p. 217-219).

Delimitation of Technological Trajectories, their variants and territories featured by peasantries

The TTs are designed by a method that combines differentiation and structural signification of rural production in each territory – hereafter, Method of Differentiation and Structural Signification of Rural Production (M-DESTRU).

Structural differentiation (Phase 1) is necessary because production systems activities play different roles, depending on the systems  production modes and their territorial context: cattle ranching, for example, performs very different economic functions when practiced in family structures (peasants) in the municipalities of the Lower Amazonas, in comparison with wage-based farms in Southeast Pará; the roles played by temporary crops in the peasant systems of the Lower Tocantins are also quite different from those that are observed among employers' establishments in the Lower Amazon; and so on. This phase of the methodology qualifies these differences and has its procedures described on pages 440 and 441 of Costa (2021).

In phase 2, M-DESTRU verifies how these structurally dissimilar activities, combine with others linked to the practices of the agents of each production mode, conforming convergences that result in distinct patterns. These patterns are semantically associated with TTs or TTPs structures that are in movement, and these structures all together make up for the region's rural economic system. This Phase's procedures are detailed on pages 441 and 442 of the aforementioned work. The codes of variable “Technological Trajectories” in this database are “CamponêsT1” for “Peasant Trajectory.T1” in Costa, 2021; “CamponêsT2” for “Peasant Trajectory.T2”; “CamponêsT3” for “Peasant Trajectory.T3”; “PatronalT4” for “Employer.T4”; “PatronalT5” for “Employer.T5”; “PatronalT7” for “Employer.T7”.

In turn, the procedures to get the technological variants of TTs (TTVs) for census years 2006 and 2017 are described in Costa, 2021, p. 447-451. The codes of variable “Technological Variants” in this database are “IQ” for “CI = Chemical Intensity” in Costa, 2021; “IM” for “MI = Mechanical Intensity”; “IT” for “LI = Labour Intensity”; “IPst” for “PI = Pasture Improvement”; “IReb” for “HI = Herd improvement”; “Crg” for “LoadC=Load Capacity of Pasture”; “SAF-F” for “AFSs-F = AFSs with the presence of forest management”; “SAF-A” for “AFSs-A = Artificially developed AFSs”; “+” after the attribute for “Attribute clearly verified; “–“ for “Attribute clearly absent”; “0” for “an uncertain attribute”.

The Brazilian Northern Region encompasses the municipalities of the federative states Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins. A municipality is codified by the variable “Peasantry” as “ACaboclo_Originário”, meaning a territory of an “original caboclo peasantry (OcP in English or CbO in Portuguese)”, if founded before 1880; “BCaboclo_Forâneo”, meaning a territory of an ”immigrant caboclo peasants (IcP or CbF)”, if founded between 1880 and 1910; “CAgrícola_Forâneo, meaning a territory of a “post-ruber immigrant agricultural peasantry (IpR or FpB)”, if founded  between 1910 and 1960; and “DContemporâneo”, meaning a “recent peasantry (ReP or ReC)”, if founded since 1960.

The base data are from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), from the 2006 and 2017 Agricultural Censuses. The following special cases were handled:

In the Agricultural Census 2017 credit data were not available. However, the Central Bank of Brazil informs for that year total rural credit for family-based and non-family-based agriculture and livestock by municipality.

Comparing the production of manioc in the 2006 census with the production of manioc flour in the same year and with the historical production, we arrived at errors in three municipalities in Pará: in Moju a manioc production of 498,907 t is recorded adding the two sets of data (Peasant and Employer), when in fact it is 42,132; in São Miguel do Guamá the figure of 392,784 t is recorded when it actually is 175,941; 204,216 is recorded in Viseu and 106,287 is actual figure. Corrections were made using the proportion manioc/manioc flour prevailing in other municipalities in same microregion.

In the census there are the value of the production of manioc and the value of the production of manioc flour. Since we are dealing with the same producer, if we consider in gross value of production or income aggregations both products, we incur double counting. In such cases, the value related to manioc flour was considered.

The 2006 census has information on fishing restricted to the monetary income from the sale of fish, as a complementary income variable. The information does not incorporate the value of fish consumed in the establishment. Therefore, it is not a variable equivalent to the GVP of all other products considered. In turn, the 2017 census provides data on fish production as part of livestock (the gross value of fish production in captivity, which makes up the gross value of livestock production) but does not maintain the fish sales variable from the previous census. This income is contained in the variable “other producer income”, in which, none of the other possibilities listed (esgargot, etc.) are adhered to T2 (IBGE, Censo Agropecuário de 2017. Rio de Janeiro, IBGE, 2018). Therefore, two things were done to incorporate fisheries: a) for 2006 the GVP of fishery production was considered the variable "fish sale" under the heading "other producer income" divided by 1 minus the self-consumption rate 31% (Costa et al, 2022); b) for 2017, the GVP of fisheries production resulted from the division of the variable “other producer's incomes” by the same denominator of the operation described in “a”.

The dataset is organized as:

1. Data set with variables delimiting TT, TTV and Peasantry

2006_NorthRegion_TechVariants.csv
2017_ NorthRegion_TechVariants.csv.

In each table the column names are self-explanatory.

2. Dataset with special tabulation or the agroforestry systems economy represented by Peasant Trajectory.T2

    Gross Value of Production

    Table1_NorthRegion_T2_GVP.csv 
    Table 1a – Gross Value of Productios (GVP) by products of AFSs-F and peasantry 2006 and 2017
    Table 1b – Gross Value of Productios (GVP) by products of AFSs-A and peasantry, 2006 and 201
    Table 1c – Gross Value of Productios (GVP) by products of T2, technological variant, and peasantry, 2006 and 2017 

     Real Product

     Real Product” (RP): For each year (i), the vector of produced quantities (Qi) multiplied by a vector of fixed prices (P1): variation of RP is explained exclusively by the variation of Q. 
      Table2_NorthRegion_T2_RealProduct.csv
      Table 2a – T2 Production by technological variant and peasantry, 2006
      Table 2b – T2 Production Value (=Real Product) by technological variant, and peasantry, 2006 in R$ 1,000 currents
      Table 2c – T2 Implicit prices by technological variant, and peasantry, 2006, R$ 1.000 currents (each cel in Table 2b divided by corresponding cel in Table 2a)
      Table 2d – T2 Production by technological variant, and peasantry, 2017
      Table 2e – T2 Real Product1 by technological variant, and peasantry, 2017 in R$ 1,000 from 2006 (each cel in Table 2c multiplied by corresponding cel in Table 2d)

       Key variables
      Table3_NorthRegion_T2_KeyVariables.csv
       Table 3 – Key variables of T2 economy by peasantry, 2006 and 2017

Reference:

Costa FA. 2021. Structural diversity and change in rural Amazonia: A comparative assessment of the technological trajectories based on agricultural censuses (1995, 2006 and 2017). Nova Economia 31(2).

COSTA, F. A., FEIJÃO,, L. G., ALMEIDA, I. C., NOGUEIRA, K. N. S., AMERICO, M. C. (2022). Database of a Riverine Economy in Mocajuba, Low Tocantins, Pará, Amazonia, Brazil [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7121336