Clinical demographics of study population.

aP value bP value Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-B, the homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function; HOMA-IR, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; ISIm, Matsuda index; MetS, metabolic syndrome; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; T2D, type 2 diabetes. Data are shown as median (interquartile range) or %. All non-Gaussian distributed quantitative traits were natural logarithmically transformed to normalize distributions. P values were calculated to assess the intergroup differences using χ2 test or one-way ANOVA.