Geomagnetic Kp index

This data publication includes the IAGA-endorsed Kp index of geomagnetic activity as well as the derived indices ap, Ap, Cp and C9 in their definitive and nowcast version and the International Quiet and Disturbed Days. This dataset is provided by GFZ and derived from indices or near real-time geomagnetic observatory data provided by 13 contributing observatories. The Kp index and the derived products are distributed by GFZ and they are redistributed by various data centers and databases. When using the Kp index or any of the derived products of this dataset, please cite this data publication as well as the accompanying publication Matzka et al. (2021), which serves as a contemporary reference for users and describes the dataset and the state of the Kp index 70 years after its introduction.

The Kp index
The Kp index was introduced by Bartels (1949). We follow here generally the notation of Bartels (1957). A comprehensive list of references on the Kp index is provided in Matzka et al. (2021), which also describes the near real-time distribution of the indices.

DOI and versioning
With the introduction of the DOI ‘https://doi.org/10.5880/Kp.0001’ for the dataset, the DOI landing page and the associated FTP server linked to this DOI become the dataset's primary archive (while the other established index distribution mechanisms at GFZ will be maintained in parallel). With the DOI, the dataset can grow with time, but a change of the data, once published, is not possible. If necessity arises in the future to correct already published values, then the corrected dataset will be published with a new DOI. Older DOIs and data sets will then still be available. For each DOI, an additional versioning mechanism will be available to document changes to the files such as format changes, which do not affect the integrity of the data. The DOI 10.5880/Kp.0001 identifies the current version.

本数据集出版物包含经国际地磁学与高空物理学协会（IAGA）认可的地磁活动Kp指数，以及其确定值与临近预报版本的派生指数ap、Ap、Cp和C9，同时涵盖国际宁静日与扰动日（International Quiet and Disturbed Days）相关数据。本数据集由德国波茨坦地球科学研究中心（GFZ）发布，数据源自13家协作地磁台站提供的地磁指数或近实时地磁观测数据。Kp指数及其派生产品由GFZ官方分发，并由各类数据中心与数据库进行二次分发。在使用Kp指数或本数据集的任意派生产品时，请同时引用本数据集出版物与配套的Matzka等人（2021）研究文献——该文献可为用户提供当前参考依据，并阐述了本数据集及Kp指数推出70年后的发展现状。

Kp指数
Kp指数由Bartels（1949）首次提出，本研究整体遵循Bartels（1957）的符号规范。关于Kp指数的完整参考文献列表可参见Matzka等人（2021），该文献同时阐述了地磁指数的近实时分发机制。

DOI与版本管理
本数据集已分配DOI：https://doi.org/10.5880/Kp.0001，该DOI的落地页及关联的FTP服务器将作为本数据集的核心存档载体，德国波茨坦地球科学研究中心（GFZ）原有的其他指数分发机制将并行保留。依托该DOI，数据集可随时间迭代更新，但已发布的数据内容无法修改。若未来需修正已发布的数值，将通过新的DOI发布修正后的数据集，旧版DOI及对应数据集仍可正常访问。针对每个DOI，还将提供额外的版本管理机制，用于记录不影响数据完整性的文件变更（如格式调整）。当前版本可通过DOI 10.5880/Kp.0001获取。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供IAGA认可的地磁Kp指数及其衍生指数（ap, Ap, Cp, C9）的确定性和实时预报版本，以及国际宁静日和扰动日信息。数据集由GFZ基于13个观测站的数据生成，并通过多个数据中心分发，使用时需引用相关出版物。