Table_2_Initial Validation of the Mindful Presence Scale: The Issue of the Construal Level of Scale Items.XLSX

Our research has two main aims. It undertakes the validation of a six-item trait mindfulness scale called Mindful Presence Scale (MPS), which measures central aspects of mindfulness. For the first time in mindfulness literature, the construal level of scale items is also examined. Four questionnaire-based online studies were conducted. Study 1 drew three samples (nn = 391, np = 215, and nb = 235) from the students at the University of Debrecen. It examined the factor structure, reliability, and internal consistency of the three differently worded scale versions. The positively worded scale version (MPSp) yielded a stable two-factor structure and demonstrated the best psychometric properties. Study 2 performed a confirmatory factor analysis on a sample drawn from public employees across the country (ncfa = 420). The two-factor solution in Study 1 was confirmed. χ2 tests were not significant, and fit indices were excellent. There was no significant difference between the high-level construal subscale (Fhlc) and the low-level construal subscale (Fllc) in terms of factorial stability. Participant of Study 3 were students who did not take part in Study 1. The sample (ninv = 250) was tested for measurement invariance across gender. The scaled results supported strong/threshold invariance. Study 4 tested concurrent validity with 10 concurrent instruments. A sample of secondary school teachers (ncon = 128) was tested by examining Spearman's rank order correlations. There was a significant difference in how the Fhlc and Fllc subscales predicted scores of some of the concurrent instruments. Further research is warranted into how the construal level of mindfulness scale items affects the recollection of the mindful experience. Overall, MPSp proved to be a valid short mindfulness measure.

本研究旨在实现两项主要目标。首先，对一种名为“ mindful presence scale”（MPS，意念在场量表）的六项目特质量表进行验证，该量表用于衡量正念的核心方面。在正念文献中，该量表项目的构念层次亦首次得到探讨。本研究共进行了四次基于问卷的在线调查。第一项研究从德布勒森大学的在校学生中抽取了三个样本（n_n = 391，n_p = 215，n_b = 235），以检验三种不同措辞的量表版本的因子结构、信度和内部一致性。正性措辞的量表版本（MPS_p）呈现出稳定的双因子结构，并展现了最佳的心理学特性。第二项研究对来自全国公共部门员工的样本（n_cfa = 420）进行了验证性因子分析。第一项研究中的双因子解决方案得到了确认。卡方检验不显著，拟合指数优秀。在构念稳定性方面，高级构念子量表（F_hlc）与低级构念子量表（F_llc）之间没有显著差异。第三项研究的参与者为未参与第一项研究的在校学生。样本（n_inv = 250）接受了测量性别不变性的测试。尺度结果支持了强烈的/阈限不变性。第四项研究通过考察斯皮尔曼等级相关系数，对10种同期工具进行了效度测试。在F_hlc和F_llc子量表预测某些同期工具得分方面存在显著差异。有必要进一步研究正念量表项目的构念层次如何影响正念体验的记忆。总体而言，MPS_p被证明是一种有效的短正念测量工具。