Table 2 in Gallancyra gen. nov. (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera), with an overview of the geographical distribution of chewing lice parasitizing chicken

Table 2 (continued). Species of chewing lice reported from domestic chicken.
Colpocephalum sp. from chicken, which presumably is also C. turbinatum. This host switch is likely due to hosts living in close proximity, but it is possible that C. turbinatum has secondarily established locally on domestic chicken.dIt is not clear from the original description how this species differs from other species of Menacanthus from the same host, as most stated differences appear to be in measurements. Measurements of both M. longiscleritus and the other species of the genus found on the same host are given without ranges. It is therefore not possible to establish whether the differences in dimensions are due to the small sample size. The only useful morphological character stated to be diagnostic is the length of the genital sclerite, which is twice as long in M. longiscleritus as in any of the other species of Menacanthus occurring on chicken. It is not clear whether this is sufficient to merit status as a separate species, but we tentatively accept it as valid here. It is known only from two males and one nymph collected in Pakistan. The natural host of this species may thus be some other species. Notably, sclerites of similar length are found in some species of Menacanthus from passeriform hosts (Price 1977), but no comparison with species parasitizing passeriform hosts were included in the original description.eThe natural host of M. numidae is Numida meleagris, and records from domestic chicken likely originate from stragglers among birds in mixed poultry flocks.fEmerson & Elbel (1957b) reported this species from Lophura diardi (Bonaparte, 1856).gAlmost certainly stragglers, as the natural host of C. compar is Columba livia Gmelin, 1789.hThe natural host of C. meleagridis is Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758, and reports of this species from domestic chicken likely originate from stragglers among birds in mixed poultry flocks.iEmerson (1956) noted that this species has never been collected from wild chicken, and that the natural host is most likely some species of partridge in the genus Alectoris Kaup, 1829. It has recently been recorded from domestic turkey, indicating that it is capable to dispersing to new hosts (Dik et al. 2015).jThe natural host of Cuclotogaster occidentalis is Pternistis bicalcarata (Linnaeus, 1766) (Tendeiro 1958). Fabiyi (1986) found it on both domestic chicken and Numida meleagris.kThe natural host of G. maculatus is Numida meleagris, but it was originally described from domestic chicken. The only subsequent records of G. maculatus on domestic chicken appears to be Müller (1927) and Blagoveshchensky (1951); however, it is not clear from these publications how it was established that these lice were not G. gallinae. We include this species here for completeness.lThe natural hosts of Goniodes microthorax are Perdix perdix (Linnaeus, 1758) and Alectoris chukar (Gray, 1830). Sychra et al. (2008) found this species only on chickens that were reared in a pheasant farm, and presumed this record to be the result of straggling.mGoniodes dispar are normally found on hosts in the genera Alectoris Kaup, 1829, and Perdix Linnaeus, 1758. Blagoveshtchensky’s records may derive from misidentifications or stragglers, but may also represent a local population established on domestic chicken in Tajikistan. To our knowledge, this is the only report of G. dispar on domestic chicken.nEmerson (1956) believed that Goniodes gigas originated from some species of guineafowl, as the same species is known from this host group.oReports of this species from peacock (e.g., Marniche et al. 2017) may represent either misidentifications, stragglers, or local host switches, and do not suggest that this is the natural host of L. caponis.pLipeurus tropicalis is also known from Numida meleagris (e.g., Clay 1938; Emerson 1956). Its closest relative, Lipeurus lawrensis Bedford, 1929, occurs exclusively on guineafowl, which suggested to Emerson (1956) that some species of guineafowl may be the natural host of L. tropicalis, and that this species has subsequently spread throughout chicken populations across the world.