Identification of pollinators of lesser twayblade (Neottia cordata L.) with DNA barcoding reveals strong links with pine forest-related fauna

Many European terrestrial orchids are in decline. To curb this negative trend and preserve remaining populations, more ecological knowledge is needed. Surprisingly little is known yet about the identity and efficiency of pollinators of Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata), a small terrestrial orchid species associated with pine trees through joint mycorrhizae. We identified its small and inconspicuous pollinators with DNA barcoding and assessed its fruit set with the help of observations submitted to various nature platforms. We caught pollinators on Terschelling in The Netherlands during the flowering season of 2013 and 2014. Insects were identified with 28S and COI sequences obtained from both fresh and museum-preserved material identified by specialists. Several pollinators were detected, belonging to either parasitoid wasps (Braconidae) and spider wasps (Pompilidae), active during sunny periods, or fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae), active during overcast conditions. Combine..., Data set was collected in different methods:

field observations
collection of insects
search of herbaria
search of publically open data repositories
, , # Identification of pollinators of Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata L.) with DNA barcoding reveals strong links with pine forest-related fauna

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrvk7](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrvk7)

## Description of the data and file structure

Supplemental Data Supplement

Supplement 1: Count of pollen export and import of 33 plants

Supplement 2 :Fruit set counted in six different locations

Supplement 3: List of all pollinators and visitors collected in different locations

Supplement 4: GenBank accession barcodes obtained

Supplement 5 (Table_S2_-*pollen_export*-*import_Neottia_cordata*-(supporting_information)) : Pollen export-import, raw data

Supplement 6 (Table_S3_-*fruit_set_Neottia_cordata*(supporting_information)): Fruit set, raw data

Supplement 7 (Table_S4_-*Pollinators_and_visitors_of_Neottia_cordata*(in_literature)): List of pollinators and visitors, references in literature (missing family and species mentioned as?)

Supplement 8 (Table_S5_...