Effect of Confrontation of Intergroup Bias on Reducing Intergroup Bias, and Moderators of the Effect: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The need to reduce intergroup bias is increasingly in the public consciousness, with movements against racism, sexism, transphobia and other forms of intergroup bias and prejudice becoming more prominent. An increasing body of recent research has indicated that interpersonal confrontation of intergroup bias (also known as bystander anti-prejudice: Stewart et al., 2014) is an effective method for reducing intergroup bias (e.g. Chaney & Sanchez, 2018; Czopp et al., 2006). However, there has not yet been a systematic review and meta-analysis in the area. This is important, both to take stock of this field of research, shed light on potential moderators of the effect, and provide guidance for future research. The current meta-analysis aims to fill that gap, providing a useful synthesis of the current research, and a quantitative exploration of the moderators of the effectiveness of confrontation as an intergroup bias-reduction technique.