Table_1_Burden of liver cancer due to hepatitis C from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels.docx

BackgroundLiver cancer due to hepatitis C (LCDHC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and the burden of LCDHC is increasing. We aimed to report the burden of LCDHC at the global, regional, and national levels in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019, stratified by etiology, sex, age, and Sociodemographic Index.MethodsData on LCDHC were available from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) study 2019. Numbers and age-standardized mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100,000 population were estimated through a systematic analysis of modeled data from the GBD 2019 study. The trends in the LCDHC burden were assessed using the annual percentage change.ResultsGlobally, in 2019, there were 152,225 new cases, 141,810 deaths, and 2,878,024 DALYs due to LCDHC. From 1990 to 2019, the number of incidences, mortality, and DALY cases increased by 80.68%, 67.50%, and 37.20%, respectively. However, the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rate had a decreasing trend during this period. In 2019, the highest age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of LCDHC were found in high-income Asia Pacific, North Africa and the Middle East, and Central Asia. At the regional level, Mongolia, Egypt, and Japan had the three highest ASIRs in 2019. The incidence rates of LCDHC were higher in men and increased with age, with a peak incidence in the 95+ age group for women and the 85–89 age group for men in 2019. A nonlinear association was found between the age-standardized rates of LCDHC and sociodemographic index values at the regional and national levels.ConclusionsAlthough the age-standardized rates of LCDHC have decreased, the absolute numbers of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs have increased, indicating that LCDHC remains a significant global burden. In addition, the burden of LCDHC varies geographically. Male and older adult/s individuals have a higher burden of LCDHC. Our findings provide insight into the global burden trend of LCDHC. Policymakers should establish appropriate methods to achieve the HCV elimination target by 2030 and reducing the burden of LCDHC.

背景丙型肝炎病毒相关肝细胞癌（LCDHC）是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一，LCDHC的负担正在不断加重。本研究旨在报告1990年至2019年间，在全球、区域和国家层面上204个国家的LCDHC负担情况，并根据病因、性别、年龄和社会人口指数进行分层。方法：从2019年全球疾病、伤害和风险因素负担研究（GBD）中获取了LCDHC的数据。通过对GBD 2019研究模型数据的系统分析，估计了每10万人中的数量、年龄标准化死亡率、发病率和伤残调整生命年（DALY）率。结果：在全球范围内，2019年有152,225例新病例、141,810人死亡和2,878,024个DALYs，均由LCDHC引起。从1990年至2019年，发病率、死亡率和DALY病例数分别增加了80.68%、67.50%和37.20%。然而，在同期内，年龄标准化发病率、死亡率和DALY率呈下降趋势。2019年，LCDHC的最高年龄标准化发病率（ASIRs）出现在高收入亚洲太平洋地区、北非和中东以及中亚。在区域层面，蒙古、埃及和日本在2019年有三个最高的ASIRs。LCDHC的发病率在男性中更高，且随着年龄增长而增加，2019年女性最高发病率出现在95岁以上年龄组，男性最高发病率出现在85-89岁年龄组。在区域和国家层面上，LCDHC的年龄标准化率和社会人口指数值之间存在非线性关联。结论：尽管LCDHC的年龄标准化率有所下降，但病例数、死亡数和DALY的绝对数量仍在增加，这表明LCDHC仍然是全球负担的重要来源。此外，LCDHC的负担存在地域差异。男性和老年人群的LCDHC负担更高。我们的研究结果揭示了全球LCDHC负担趋势。政策制定者应建立适当的方法，以实现到2030年消除丙型肝炎病毒的目标，并减轻LCDHC的负担。