Advances in Performance Optimization and Design of Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Reaction Beds

Currently， hydrogen storage technologies primarily include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage， cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage， and solid-state hydrogen storage. Compared to solid coal or liquid petroleum， gaseous hydrogen faces numerous challenges during storage and transportation， particularly its low volumetric energy density， which severely restricts the application of hydrogen. Utilizing metal hydrides to solidify hydrogen into a solid hydride form can effectively address issues such as efficiency and safety in hydrogen storage and transportation. Although solid-state alloy hydrogen storage technology has already been applied in fields such as hydrogen storage， there are still many areas requiring further development. The hydrogen absorption and desorption processes in metal hydrides involve momentum， mass， and heat transfer， constituting a complex multiphysics-coupled transport process. This technology relies not only on the excellent performance of the hydrogen storage materials themselves but also largely depends on the design of the reaction bed structure. As the core site where hydrogen storage materials undergo hydrogen absorption and desorption， the reaction bed directly influences the practical hydrogen storage performance of the materials， playing an irreplaceable role in ensuring the full utilization of the material properties. This article reviews recent research on hydrogen storage alloy reaction beds from the perspectives of heat and mass transfer mechanisms， methods for enhancing heat and mass transfer， and structural optimization. The related research results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application and promotion of hydrogen storage materials， contributing significantly to promoting the sustainable development of the hydrogen energy industry chain.