EFFECTIVE METHODS OF PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT

This article explores effective methods of public debt management in the context of modern economic development. Public debt has become an integral component of state financial policy, influencing macroeconomic stability, fiscal sustainability, and long-term economic growth. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of public debt management, examines key risks associated with excessive debt accumulation, and identifies practical mechanisms for ensuring efficient debt governance. Special attention is paid to debt structure optimization, transparency, institutional capacity, and the application of international best practices. The article concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening fiscal discipline, reducing debt-related risks, and enhancing the sustainability of public finances.