Clinical characteristics of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls.

All values are arithmetic means with standard deviations in parentheses, except for sex, smoker status, drug treatment, and cerebrospinal fluid taken. Abbreviations a AD Alzheimer’s disease b PD Parkinson’s disease c HC healthy control d n/a not applicable e MMSE mini-mental state examination. f pTau hyperphosphorylated tau protein g Aβ42 amyloid-beta 1–42 h Aβ40 amyloid-beta 1–40 i n.s. not significant. Clinical characteristics of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls.