Map Viewing Service (WMS) of the dataset: Wetlands on the department of Bouches-du-Rhône

Wetlands are areas where water is the main determinant of the environment and associated plant and animal life. They are found where the water table is either flushing or close to the surface of the soil, or where the land is covered by water. Article L. 211-1 of the Environmental Code provides the following definition: ‘wetland' means land, whether or not exploited, usually flooded or engrossed with fresh water, salted or brackish permanently or temporarily, or whose vegetation, where it exists, is dominated by hygrophilic plants* for at least part of the year;’ * Hygrophilic: in botany, hygrophilia refers to the high water requirements of some plants during their development. The Order of 24 June 2008 specifies the criteria for the definition and delimitation of wetlands pursuant to Articles L. 214-7-1 and R. 211-108 of the Environmental Code. An area shall be considered wetland if it has at least one of the following criteria: — Its soils correspond to one or more soil types among those listed in Annex 1 to the said Order. — Its vegetation, if it exists, is characterised either by wetland indicator species [...] or by communities of plant species, known as 'habitats', characteristics of wetlands...’. In 1996, the National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) developed a national wetland typology defining 13 categories. It allows a homogeneous characterisation of wetlands in all inventories. This was included in the Master Plan for Development and Management of Rhone Mediterranean Waters (SDAGE) and specified in the SDAGE Technical Guide n°5. For each wetland surveyed, a “SDAGE type” that characterises it has been defined. Ten main types of wetlands are recognised in the Bouches-du-Rhône: 2 — Medium flat bays and estuaries 3 — Coastal marshes and lagoons 4 — Furnished brackish marshes 5 — River edges 6 — Alluvial Plains 9 — Small bodies of water and edges of water bodies 10 — Wet plain and plateau marshes and heaths 11 — Point Wetlands 12 — Marais for agricultural purposes 13 — Artificial Wetlands湿地（wetland）是指水为环境及相关动植物生存核心决定因素的区域。此类区域的地下水位要么接近地表且处于流动状态，要么陆地被水体覆盖。 《环境法典》第L.211-1条给出如下定义：‘湿地（wetland）指无论是否被开发利用的土地，其通常被淡水、咸水或半咸水永久或暂时性淹没或浸透；若存在植被，则在一年中至少部分时段以嗜湿植物（hygrophilic plants）为优势群落。’ * 嗜湿植物（hygrophilic plants）：在植物学领域，嗜湿性指部分植物在生长发育阶段对水分具有较高需求。 2008年6月24日发布的政令依据《环境法典》第L.214-7-1条与第R.211-108条，明确了湿地的定义与划定标准。满足以下任一条件的区域即可认定为湿地： — 其土壤符合该政令附件1所列的一种或多种土壤类型； — 若存在植被，则其特征为湿地指示物种[...]或属于湿地特有的植物群落（即“生境（habitats）”）。 1996年，国家自然历史博物馆（National Museum of Natural History, MNHN）制定了国家级湿地分类体系，共划分13个类别。该体系可实现湿地调查的统一特征描述，已被纳入《罗纳-地中海流域发展与管理总体规划》（Master Plan for Development and Management of Rhone Mediterranean Waters, SDAGE），并在该总体规划的第5号技术指南中予以详细说明。针对每一处被调查的湿地，均已定义用于表征其属性的“SDAGE类型”。 罗讷河口省（Bouches-du-Rhône）共认定10类主要湿地： 2. 中型平缓海湾与河口 3. 沿海沼泽与泻湖 4. 带人工设施的半咸水沼泽 5. 河岸带 6. 冲积平原 9. 小型水体及水岸带 10. 湿润平原与高原沼泽及灌丛 11. 点状湿地 12. 农业用途沼泽 13. 人工湿地