TABLE 5 in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)

TABLE 5. — Test measurements, proportions and features for Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas, 1774). Abbreviations: na, not applicable; SD, standard deviation.
E. calamaris (brown)E. calamaris (white)Origin of specimens examinedEgypt, Guam, Fiji (Dravuni,Japan, Guam, Philippines, FijiYanuca, Taveuni Is., Viti levu)(Dravuni, Yanuca, Taveuni Is.,Viti levu)Test colourbrownburgundy/brownTest shapehemispherical, rounded orally,hemispherical, flattened orallyflattened aborallyand aborallyTest distinctionsambulacra conspicuously raisedambulacra raised aborallyaborallyIridophore pattern (interambulacra)green bandsgreen bandsIridophore pattern (apical system)nonenoneIridophore pattern (genital plate)nonenoneMean horizontal test diameter (SD)120 mm (8.7 mm)108 mm (8.2 mm)Mean vertical test diameter (SD)60 mm (5.5 mm)45 mm (5.4 mm)Maximum horizontal test diameter observed143 mm119 mmMaximum vertical test diameter observed68 mm52 mmMarkings on test (median area ofgreen band of iridophoresgreen band of iridophoresinterambulacra)Markings on naked test (median area ofno markings or pigmentationgreen pigment presentinterambulacra)Markings on naked test (genital plate)typically no marking presentgreen patch markingNumber of tubercles on genital plate1-5 tubercles1-5 tuberclesHeight to width (at widest point) ratio of1.1:10.73:1genital plateDiameter of gonopore (% of genital plate20%22%height)Form of apical systemmonocyclicmonocyclicForm of periproct (distinguishing features)large, brown, white plateletslarge, brown, white plateletspresentpresentApical system (% of horizontal test diameter)23-28%25-30%Periproct (% of horizontal test diameter)14-18%16-20%Peristome (% of horizontal test diameter)42-50%40-48%Ambulacra % of interambulacra (at ambitus)24-28%24-28%Tubercle structureperforate and crenulateperforate and crenulateNumber of median series of tubercles onnanainterambulacraRudimentary tube feet present on thenonoperistomeBuccal tube feet present5 pairs5 pairsSpines present on the buccal platesnonoNumber of specimens examined200200