Evolution of androdioecy in Berchemia (Rhamnaceae) revealed by phylogenomics and ancestral character reconstruction

In this study, a total of 114 samples from the family Rhamnaceae were collected, representing 40 species and 6 varieties across three tribes. Among them, 111 samples belonging to 37 species and 6 varieties were from the tribe Rhamneae. In addition, three species from the tribes Paliureae and Ventilagineae were collected as outgroups, with one sample per species.Total genomic DNA was extracted from silica gel dried leaf tissue using a modified CTAB method. High-quality DNA was used to construct TruSeq short-insert libraries following the standard Illumina library preparation protocol. The library construction process included DNA fragmentation, end repair, A-tailing, adapter ligation, fragment size selection, and PCR enrichment. Qualified libraries were then sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform using a paired-end 150 bp strategy (PE150), generating high-quality sequencing data.