MARYAM SULTONMURODOVA AND KHAYRINISO MAJIDKHONOVA'S EDUCATION IN GERMANY: PURPOSE, ACTIVITIES, AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

This article examines the educational experiences of Maryam Sultonmurodova and Khayriniso Majidkhonova in Germany within the broader context of the intellectual modernization of Turkestan in the 1920s. Particular attention is paid to the institutional environment in which they studied, the professional competencies they acquired, and the ways in which European educational practices influenced their later work in Central Asia. The study also considers their participation in pedagogy, medicine, journalism, and public life as evidence of the emergence of a new generation of professionally educated women. Drawing on biographical, archival, and recent scholarly materials, the article evaluates their role as mediators of knowledge between European educational institutions and Uzbek society. It further highlights how their international academic experience, initially regarded as an instrument of social progress, was later reinterpreted negatively during the period of Soviet political repression. The biographies of Sultonmurodova and Majidkhonova therefore provide an important basis for reassessing the contribution of women to the Jadid intellectual environment, professional modernization, and the formation of modern female agency in Central Asia.