Alterations of gut microbiome in HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment across diverse cohorts

Through shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from participants with and without HIV from Botswana, Uganda and the US, we define shared and geography-specific gut microbiome profiles associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment. We delineate changes linked to CD4+ lymphopenia, systemic inflammation and specific antiretroviral medications, and explore the mechanistic background to treatment-associated microbiome alterations.