STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF SOD2 (Ala16Val) WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC TONSILLITIS

This study is devoted to investigating the role of the SOD2 (Ala16Val) gene polymorphism in the development of chronic tonsillitis and its association with different clinical forms of the disease. The study included 94 patients aged 3 to 55 years diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis, as well as 90 conditionally healthy individuals examined in the Khorezm region between 2021 and 2025. Depending on the clinical presentation, patients were divided into groups with simple, toxic-allergic form I, and toxic-allergic form II.

   Molecular genetic analysis was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi-square (χ²) test and odds ratio (OR).

   The results demonstrated that the presence of the minor Val allele and the Val/Val genotype of the SOD2 (Ala16Val) polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing chronic tonsillitis. Specifically, the Val allele increases the risk by 1.7 times, while the Val/Val genotype increases it by 2.3 times. Furthermore, this genetic marker was found to play a significant role in the development of both simple and toxic-allergic forms of the disease.

   In conclusion, the SOD2 (Ala16Val) gene polymorphism can be considered an important genetic marker for predicting the risk of chronic tonsillitis and may be useful in selecting individualized treatment strategies.