Family-based association results between DN-associated SNPs and nephropathy (normoalbuminuria vs. high microalbuminuria/proteinuria/ESRD) among diabetic family members.

#Families = number of nuclear families informative for the FBAT analysis.S-E(S) = observed minus the expected transmission for each allele.Var(S) = variance of the observed transmission for each allele.Z score: positive values indicate risk alleles (i.e., increased transmission to affected individuals), negative values indicate protective alleles (i.e., reduced transmission to affected individuals).Associations achieving nominal significance (P-value*Risk allele reported in Pezzolesi et al. [18]