<b>Delgadillo et al, 2025. Dataset_lithonaetes</b>

Naturally discontinuous habitats provide a valuable system for studying how geographic isolation, limited gene flow, and environmental heterogeneity influence species' developmental plasticity. We investigated patterns of genomic and phenotypic divergence in the tropical frog <i>Leptodactylus lithonaetes</i>, which is distributed across scattered rocky outcrops along an environmental gradient. We tested three hypotheses: (1) habitat discontinuity restricts gene flow, structuring plastic responses geographically; (2) environmental heterogeneity promotes divergent selection on plasticity based on local environmental conditions; and (3) reduced genetic diversity constrains adaptive plasticity. Across nine populations, we assessed isothermality, temperature, and precipitation seasonality and characterized natural breeding ponds. Using double-digest RAD sequencing, we obtained 11,254 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 281 individuals across all nine populations. In a common garden experiment, we exposed tadpoles from four populations along the geographical gradient to simulated desiccation risk. Dataset 1 contains survival data from the common garden experiment. Dataset 2 contains data from the metamorphs at the end of the common garden experiment. Dataset 3 contains variables from the larvae during the common garden experiment. Dataset 4 contains data from the ponds characterized in each locality. Dataset 5 is the R Markdown code used to analyze datasets 1, 2, 3, and 4. Dataset 6 includes the R code used to analyze genomic data.